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The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients(API) may require multiple reaction steps that produce undesirable reaction byproducts or utilize various solvents that have to be removed from the finished product. These solvents and byproducts may be measured with headspace gas chromatography for those volatile residual organic solvents according to the USP chapter 467 method.
Alpha (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) technology is a bead-based, no-wash alternative to traditional ELISAs. Instead of detection with an HRP substrate, the Alpha assay signal is generated by the excitation of an Eu+-coated bead that has been conjugated to the detection antibody.
Alpha technology offers a simple, straight forward workflow. No wash needed!
Download this application note to see how no-wash AlphaLISA® technology provides a more-convenient alternative to ELISA for quantitation of biomarkers in complex sample types, including tissue, serum, and plasma.
An improperly lubricated engine may suffer from excessive heat, wear and noise, and will often fail if the issue is not resolved. Upon adding a lubricant fluid to an engine, the very operation of that engine begins to impact the functionality of the oil. An example of this the degradation of lubricanting oil by the presence of fuel contaminants such as gasoline, diesel and biodiesel.
Oil testing facilities such as Caterpillar typically run hundreds of thousands of samples each year, thus requiring a fast and robust method for analysing diluents. This study outlines the principles and technology for such a fast and robust GC method.
For laboratories analyzing everything from air quality to flavors and fragrances, thermal desorption offers a faster, easier, more cost-efficient way to prepare samples for GC or GC/MS analysis. Ideal for the trace-level measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—as well as most semi-volatile chemicals—thermal desorption lets you avoid time-consuming, manual, solvent-based sample preparation in favor of a simple, streamlined, automated approach. It also delivers the added benefits of superior throughput and enhanced sensitivity.
Today, Warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant in the world, used to thin the blood and prevent clots.1 It was discovered by chance when in the 1920’s cattle in the US were found to be bleeding to death having eaten mouldy hay from sweet clover crops.2 However, the exact identity of the substance causing the haemorrhaging was to remain unknown for many years. Over the coming years studies of the spoiled hay eventually led to the extraction of a compound which was later named dicoumarol. It was observed that this dicoumarol could not act as an anticoagulant on its own. It was only after it was metabolised byfungi that it exhibited anticoagulant properties. This explained why only spoiled hay caused the outbreak in the cattle. After further research, the synthesis of a more potent anticoagulant from dicoumarol, warfarin, was produced. Warfarin first commercial use was as a rat poison in 1948, followed by license for human use in 1953. This application brief illustrates the analysis of warfarin, Figure 1, using the Quasar AQ liquid chromatography phase.
This application describes an analytical method for the chromatographic separation and quantitative monitoring of seven primary cannabinoids, including THC and THC-A, in cannabis extracts by HPLC with PDA detection. Naturally occurring cannabinoids, the main biologically active component of the cannabis plant, form a complex group of closely related compounds, of which 113 are known and 70 are well described. Of these, the primary focus has been on ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as the primary active ingredient due to its pharmacological and toxicological characteristics, upon which strict legal limits have been enforced.
Biodiesel fuels are often blended compositions of diesel fuel and esterified soybean oils, rapeseed oils, or other potential vegetable oils as well as fats. The physical and combustion properties of these biofuels have allowed them to achieve similar performance to diesel fuel. However, there are several characteristics that are of concern. These differences, especially the cetane reduction, require that adequate control of the biofuel concentration be implemented.
To meet the demands of complex petrochemical testing, our new Clarus? 590 and 690 gas chromatography (GC) instruments are preconfigured to provide a turnkey solution for a wide range of applications, including Simulated Distillation. We deliver a complete, ready-to-go system for faster, more efficient analysis in compliance with ASTM methods. Discover how the Clarus GC instruments enable the superior sensitivity and throughput you need for your most critical applications – plus the versatility to handle more.
In today’s budget-constrained, yet highly competitive laboratory environments, the samples you’re being asked to analyze - whether food, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, or environmental - are increasingly difficult. But for some labs, having a dedicated GC for every application isn’t an option. For them, a GC that can do it all isn’t just a nice-to have, it’s a necessity.
Prednisolone, Prednisone and Cortisone are commonly used steroids to treat a range of inflammatory conditions and autoimmune disorders. These synthetic derivatives of hydrocortisone were developed and approved for medicinal use as early as the 1940’s. American chemists first identified Cortisone as having a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and it was commercialized by Merck in 1948. The first commercially feasible synthesis of prednisone was carried out in 1955 in the laboratories of the Schering Corporation. A C18 HPLC column can be used for the analysis of these synthetic steroids, but they are not well retained, and resolution is incomplete. This application brief will look at the differences in chromatography between the Quasar C18 and AQ phase chemistries for the analysis prednisolone, prednisone and cortisone.
The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients(API) may require multiple reaction steps that produce undesirable reaction byproducts or utilize various solvents that have to be removed from the finished product. These solvents and byproducts may be measured with headspace gas chromatography for those volatile residual organic solvents according to the USP chapter 467 method.
In this work, samples were digested with aqua regia using reflux conditions according to DIN method 38414. After proper dilution of the digested sample solution, Hg was measured interference-free using SnCl2 as the reductant. The recoveries of spiked mercury in sewage sludge samples ranged from 96 to 100%. The method was checked by the analysis of standard reference materials. All results were in agreement with certified values. The RSD for three replicates was approximately 2% at 10 μg/L Hg level.
As petroleum and refining experts and suppliers, you are a vital asset to the nation. So why not focus on what you do best and allow a world-class leader in environmental analysis to handle the details on your Method 325 response? Because of Method 325’s complex requirements for continuous passive air sampling, ongoing laboratory analysis, and detailed reporting to establish a traceable audit trail, you can turn to PerkinElmer, a global leader for industrial solutions.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the proximate analysis of two standard samples using the STA and show that the performance is easily able to allow this moderate cost, small profile and sturdy instrument to be used for this type of routine analysis.
In this application, we describe a technique for the monitoring of six cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, in hemp seed oil by HPLC with PDA detection. Figure 1 shows the chemical structures for the six cannabinoids. In recent years, scientific knowledge regarding the composition and health benefits of edible hemp products has significantly increased. Hemp seed oil has been promoted as a good source of nutritious omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated acids, and may be a cleaner, more sustainable alternative to fish oil.
Alpha (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) technology is a bead-based, no-wash alternative to traditional ELISAs. Instead of detection with an HRP substrate, the Alpha assay signal is generated by the excitation of an Eu+-coated bead that has been conjugated to the detection antibody.
Alpha technology offers a simple, straight forward workflow. No wash needed!
Download this application note to see how no-wash AlphaLISA® technology provides a more-convenient alternative to ELISA for quantitation of biomarkers in complex sample types, including tissue, serum, and plasma.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of materials is commonly used to measure weight loss as a sample is heated or held isothermally. In the pharmaceutical industry, materials often show weight losses associated with the loss of solvent/ water, desolvation or decomposition of the sample. This information is then used to assess the purity and stability of the material and its suitability for use.
Water polluted by herbicides leach and runoff can cause human health problems including cancer tumors, reproduction deformity, disruption of the endocrine system and DNA damage. This application presents a sensitive and robust liquid chromatography method to test nine widely used herbicides (Figure 1), using a 3 μm UHPLC column to achieve very high throughput at a low flow rate to reduce testing time and solvent consumption. The throughput is compared to that of a conventional C18 HPLC column. Method conditions and performance data including precision and linearity, are presented.
Ginseng has been used as an herbal medicine in Asia for over two thousand years for its purported various health benefits, including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-diabetic. The pharmacologically active compounds behind the claims of ginseng’s efficacy are ginsenosides; their underlying mechanism of action although not entirely elucidated appears to be similar to that of steroid hormones. There are a number of ginseng species, and each has its own set of ginsenosides.
An improperly lubricated engine may suffer from excessive heat, wear and noise, and will often fail if the issue is not resolved. Upon adding a lubricant fluid to an engine, the very operation of that engine begins to impact the functionality of the oil. An example of this the degradation of lubricanting oil by the presence of fuel contaminants such as gasoline, diesel and biodiesel.
Oil testing facilities such as Caterpillar typically run hundreds of thousands of samples each year, thus requiring a fast and robust method for analysing diluents. This study outlines the principles and technology for such a fast and robust GC method.
Aflatoxin B1 is considered to be the most genotoxic of the mycotoxins, and, when ingested by cows, is converted to aflatoxin M1 which has been shown to cause liver cancer in certain animals.
Herbal lifestyle products are widely used as alternatives to medicines around the world, with as many as 80% of people using them as a primary source of healthcare in developing countries. These treatments are commonly regarded by scientific papers, and on some occasions the media, as being inferior to orthodox treatment. This is due to the variation between herbal formulations which will not be present in so called ‘single-chemical’ drugs. The reasons for the aforementioned variation involve several factors including storage, environmental conditions, handling and unintentional or intentional contamination (adulteration).
Customer complaints of odors within a new car are rising with the increasing number of new car buyers. Although odors can be subjective, it is now well known that the new car smell is the result of chemicals emitted from the in-vehicle interior components such as the dashboard, interior panels, seat coverings, flooring materials, and so on. This application note describes a method for the automotive industry that provides a qualitative analysis and the olfactory character of each component using the TD-GC/MS-Olfactory Port.
This analysis focuses on the detection of trace level semi-volatile organic compounds in extracts from solid waste matrices, soils, air sampling media and water samples. The method lists over 200 compounds however a majority of laboratories target between 60 and 90 for most analyses. The study presented here demonstrates the PerkinElmer? Clarus? SQ 8 GC/MS, not only meets the method requirements but provides users flexibility to satisfy their individual productivity demands. An extended calibration range is presented as are the advantages of the Clarifi? detector.
We evaluated a 3M? visible mirror film for potential use in a new curved photovoltaic module using a LAMBDA 950 spectrophotometer with an ARTA accessory. In this application, the 3M? film must transmit near-infrared photons to the underlying silicon solar cells (where they will be converted directly to electricity) while reflecting visible photons to the focus of the module where they may be absorbed by, for example a wavelength-agnostic thermal absorber used to drive a heat engine.
The primary goal of this technical note is to guide the user through the accessory selection process for different specular/ diffuse samples. This will be achieved by measuring identical samples with varying contributions of diffuse and specular reflection, on three different reflection accessories, and then comparing the spectra generated.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released method 8082 for the analysis of PCBs as Aroclors, having tested the method against a select group of 19 congeners common to many Aroclor mixtures. The analysis of Aroclors and PCBs is complicated by matrix effects and the method allows the analysis of Aroclors, using those selected congeners, and also enables the analysis of other PCBs if appropriate quality controls are in place.
This application note presents a fast and robust liquid chromatography method to simultaneously test nine widely used additives. Among the additives tested are: preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid and methylparaben); artificial sweeteners (acesulfame potassium, saccharin and aspartame); flavoring agent (quinine); and a stimulant (caffeine).